Programme Notes

The term "fugitive colours" comes from the art world. I first heard this term many years ago with respect to weaving, but it is a term commonly used by painters as well. Fugitive colours are the opposite of permanent colours -- while permanent colours retain their colour, fugitive colours fade when exposed to light.

A full orchestra, with its many different instruments, offers an extremely diverse palette of colours, and in my own music, I am always striving to find colour combinations that paint a vivid aural world and create a rich tapestry of sound and rhythm. I love to use colours that run, fade, blend and transform, colours that can be brilliantly bright or subtly shaded. And yet, music is as ephemeral as a fugitive colour -- as soon as a sound is heard, it fades away. And so the idea of "fugitive colours" provided the perfect inspiration for my first symphony.

The work is cast in four movements. The first movement, Intarsia, takes its title from the knitting technique by which one colour of thread, which is about to be dropped, is woven in and wrapped around another colour of thread which is about to begin. From the "right" side, the colours change abruptly, but from the "wrong" side, one can see a complex web of interlaced colours. In translating this technique to sound, colour changes in the music are overlapped, with new orchestral colours entering "early," under the dominant colours, then the dominant colours fade as the new colours take over, creating a seamless flow of colour transformation. After a slow introduction full of brief colourful (and foreshadowing) gestures, a "cord" of sound develops as the movement moves into its primary fast tempo and the cord becomes the first thematic element. This dense cord, initially comprised of clarinets, oboes and cellos, quickly thickens as more instruments are added, and the cord gradually unravels downward, leading to the second theme, which begins in the lower register of the orchestra. Over a steady pulse from the timpani, this theme begins as a playful duet between bass clarinet and contrabassoon. Again, other instruments join in and transform the colour, as the music rises again to fill in the full range of the orchestra. A development follows that exploits the rapid interplay of colour and rhythm, leading to a unison that ushers in the return of the main themes. An extended coda takes the movement to an emphatic and dramatic close.

The second movement is entitled Nocturne (Magenta). The bright light of the first movement is here contrasted by this slow movement of dark and muted colours. This "night music" does not, though, come from complete darkness but from the rich reddish-purple of magenta. Flashes of light appear, with extended solos for flute and bassoon, and brief gestures that swell up from the depths of the orchestra, then disappear. The turbulence eventually subsides, leading to an extended passage of calm, sustained strings and marimba. In the movement's final gesture, the music builds to a fleeting chord from the full orchestra, which fades away as the piano gently takes the music skyward.

The scherzo third movement is called Light:fast, and is a play on the idea that fugitive colours are not, in fact, lightfast. This music is quick, insistent, and full of bright, rapidly changing colours, with a rhythmic and dancing main theme first introduced by the violas and contrasted with energetic episodes, including a twisting and turning theme played by the clarinets. Under the main theme, a long line rises from the bottom of the orchestra all the way to the top, building a dense closing chord that explodes in a brilliant flare that segues directly into the final movement, Viridian. The cool green of viridian infuses this movement with stillness and contemplation, echoing (yet contrasting with) ideas from the earlier Nocturne. After an expressive violin solo, brief cascades usher in a long exploring melody coloured by clarinets and upper strings. Gentle clusters of high woodwinds slowly dissolve, leading to a climactic repeated chordal statement from the full orchestra. Finally, the solo violin reappears, and the music fades into nothingness.

Symphony #1: Fugitive Colours was commissioned by the Vancouver Symphony Orchestra (Bramwell Tovey, music director) as part of my tenure as Composer-in-Residence (funded with the assistance of the Canada Council for the Arts).